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OAKVILLE OPTICAL SERVICES

Understanding Dry Eye Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms, and Relief Options

Dry, gritty, irritated eyes are more than just a nuisance—they could be a sign of Dry Eye Syndrome (DES), a common and often chronic condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Left untreated, dry eye can impact your comfort, visual clarity, and overall quality of life.

What Is Dry Eye Syndrome?

Dry Eye Syndrome occurs when your eyes don’t produce enough tears, or the quality of your tears is poor. Tears are essential for maintaining healthy vision and keeping the surface of the eye lubricated, clear, and protected from irritants.

There are two main types of dry eye:

  • Aqueous-deficient dry eye: Not enough tear production.
  • Evaporative dry eye: Tears evaporate too quickly, often due to poor tear quality or blocked oil glands.

Common Symptoms of Dry Eye

Symptoms can range from mild discomfort to severe irritation, and they may come and go. Common signs include:

  • Burning or stinging sensation in the eyes
  • Redness or inflammation
  • A gritty or sandy feeling (as if something is in your eye)
  • Excessive tearing (as a reflex to dryness)
  • Blurry vision or difficulty focusing
  • Eye fatigue, especially after screen use or reading
  • Sensitivity to wind, smoke, or light

If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms regularly, it’s time to speak with an eye care professional.

Common Symptoms of Dry Eye

Symptoms can range from mild discomfort to severe irritation, and they may come and go. Common signs include:

  • Aging – Tear production naturally decreases with age, especially after 50.
  • Hormonal changes – Common during pregnancy, menopause, or while using oral contraceptives.
  • Environmental factors – Wind, dry climates, air conditioning, and screen use can all contribute.
  • Medications – Antihistamines, antidepressants, decongestants, and some blood pressure meds may reduce tear production.
  • Health conditions – Autoimmune disorders like Sjögren’s syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, or diabetes can lead to chronic dry eyes.
  • Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) – A leading cause of evaporative dry eye due to clogged oil glands in the eyelids.
  • Contact lens wear – Long-term use can disrupt the tear film.

How Is Dry Eye Diagnosed?

A comprehensive eye exam is the best way to determine if you have dry eye and what’s causing it. Tests may include:

  • Tear break-up time – Measures how quickly tears evaporate.
  • Schirmer’s test – Evaluates tear production volume.
  • Meibography – Imaging of the oil glands in the eyelids.
  • Ocular surface staining – Highlights areas of dryness or damage.

Your eye doctor will also ask about your lifestyle, symptoms, and medical history to customize your treatment plan.

Treatment Options for Dry Eye Syndrome

The good news? Dry eye is manageable. Depending on the cause and severity, your treatment plan may include:

Artificial Tears

Over-the-counter lubricating drops are often the first line of defense for mild cases.

Prescription Eye Drops

Medications like Restasis®, Xiidra®, or Cequa™ help increase natural tear production and reduce inflammation.

Warm Compresses & Eyelid Hygiene

For evaporative dry eye and MGD, regular use of warm compresses and gentle eyelid cleaning can help unclog oil glands.

Punctal Plugs

Tiny, biocompatible devices inserted into tear ducts to reduce tear drainage and keep the eyes moist longer.

In-Office Procedures

Advanced treatments like Lipiflow®, IPL (Intense Pulsed Light), or BlephEx® help treat MGD and chronic inflammation.

Lifestyle Modifications

  • Take regular screen breaks (the 20-20-20 rule)
  • Use a humidifier
  • Wear wraparound sunglasses outdoors
  • Stay hydrated
  • Avoid smoke and wind

When to See an Eye Doctor

If your eyes often feel dry, irritated, or uncomfortable, don’t ignore it. Dry Eye Syndrome is more than just a minor inconvenience—it can affect your vision, increase your risk of eye infections, and lead to long-term eye surface damage if left untreated.

Final Thoughts

Dry Eye Syndrome is a common yet treatable condition. With proper diagnosis and a personalized care plan, you don’t have to live with constant discomfort. Whether your symptoms are occasional or chronic, taking steps now can protect your vision and restore your eye comfort.

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